The West African regional bloc Ecowas had called on him to honour his initial pledge to accept electoral defeat.
Mr Jammeh, who subsequently said the 1 December poll was flawed, added that he would defend his country if need be.
Mr Jammeh has launched a court action to annul the vote after the electoral commission changed some results.
The commission insists the outcome was not affected by an initial error and property developer Adama Barrow defeated Mr Jammeh.
Mr
Jammeh seized power in the tiny country in 1994 and has been accused of
human rights abuses, although he has held regular elections.
In
a 45-minute speech at the African Bar Association on Tuesday night, Mr
Jammeh defended his position, saying West African leaders had violated
the Ecowas principle of non-interference.
"Who are they to tell me to leave my country?" he said during his televised speech.
"I will not be intimidated by any power in this world. I want to make sure justice is done.
"I'm
a man of peace, but I cannot also be a coward. I am a man of peace but
that does not also mean that I will not defend myself and defend my
country and defend my country courageously, patriotically and win."
The
BBC's Umaru Fofana in the capital, Banjul, says it was his first public
reaction to last week's intervention by Ecowas leaders, and he
reiterated his call for fresh elections as the only way to resolve the
impasse.
According to the electoral commission's final count:
Mr Barrow won 222,708 votes (43.3%)
President Jammeh took 208,487 (39.6%)
A third-party candidate, Mama Kandeh, won 89,768 (17.1%)
Results
were revised by the electoral commission on 5 December, when it emerged
that the ballots for one area had been added incorrectly.
Meanwhile,
a spokesman for the opposition coalition that backed Mr Barrow has said
Mr Jammeh will not face prosecution after leaving office.
"President-elect
Barrow says he is going to treat outgoing President Yahya Jammeh like a
former head of state and would consult him for advice," Halifa Sallah
told the AFP news agency.
Some analysts have suggested that reports that Mr Jammeh could face prosecution were behind his U-turn.
Human rights groups have accused President Jammeh of committing serious abuses against opponents during his 22-year rule.
The Gambia has not had a smooth transfer of power since independence from Britain in 1965.
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